If we're talking aboutĪ neutral hydrogen atom, a neutral hydrogen atom, it And so first, let's just think about the electron configuration And to help us with that, we will look at a periodic table of elements. Now the goal of this video is to think about electron configurationsįor particular atoms. So if you're thinking about the subshell, the s subshell could fit two electrons, the p subshell can fit six electrons, the d subshell can fit 10 electrons, and the f subshell can fit 14 electrons, two per orbital. That has one, two, three, four, five different orbitals in it. ![]() So you have the s subshell, the p subshell that has threeĭifferent orbitals in it, you have the d subshell The various subshells which are found in the various shells. Us the types of orbitals which can be found in And an orbital is a description of that, where is it more or In a previous video, we've introduced ourselves to the idea of an orbital, that electrons don't just orbit a nucleus the way that a planet might orbit a star, but really, in order to describe where an electron is atĪny given point in time, we're really thinking about probabilities, where it's more likely to be found and less likely to be found. This means that we have a total of 8 electrons in the 2nd energy level (2 from the s subshell, and 6 from the p subshell).Īs you go further, you will get practice with identifying and conceptualizing electron configuration. In every p subshell there are 3 p orbitals. ![]() In the 2nd energy level, we have a p subshell in addition to the s subshell. This specific type of orbital is called the s orbital, and we have 1 s orbital for every s subshell. In the 1st energy level, we have 1 subshell, which basically means we have 1 type of orbital. Each orbital then has 2 electrons, which are said to have different and opposite spins. Finally, within each subshell there are individual orbitals referencing a specific region of space around the atom's nucleus. ![]() We can organize these electrons into different subshells based upon the shape of the region they occupy. ![]() The pattern that we observe results in 3 classifications as follows (there are other considerations that you will learn about later as well).Ī Shell / Energy Level is a region or set of regions that have the same energy.Īlthough we cannot predict the exact location of the electrons at any time, we can map out the regions of space that they occupy. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry designated the isotope C-12 as the basis for atomic weights, while the unstable isotope C-14, with a half-life of 5700 years, is used for carbon dating.As electrons are added to the space around the atom's nucleus they are arranged in a way as to minimize repulsions. Carbon-based compounds are the basis for all living systems and comprise the structure of fossil fuels in the form of hydrocarbons. Carbon’s small size allows it to form multiple bonds with many other small atoms, including carbon atoms, and is prevalent in a large number of chemical compounds. Four allotropes of carbon are known: amorphous (e.g., charcoal and soot), graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. Obtained from: burning with insufficient oxygenĬarbon has been known since ancient times when it was produced by burning organic material in the presence of insufficient oxygen.
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